Jinhae

Jinhae (Seomun: 辰海, Jinmun: 진해), formally the Jinhae Metropolitan Municipality (Seomun: 辰海廣域市, Jinmun: 진해광역시, pronounced Jinhae Gwangyeok-si), is a metropolitan municipality of Zhenia. the second most populous city of Zhenia. Being one of the five metropolitan municipalities in the nation, it is governed by the Jinhae Metropolitan Government. It is situated just north of the delta of the Taimir River and faces the Gulf of Danguk, an inland sea of the Gulf of Danguk, to the east, while bordering the Balhae, Changbaek and Imhae Provinces respectively in clockwise order. It is the second-most populous city in the nation, being home to over 15 million residents: the city, alongside other subsidiary cities in provinces of Imhae and Balhae, form the Taimir Delta Megalopolis, the second-largest metropolitan region in the nation.

Situated just north of the Taimir River's and facing the Gulf of Danguk, what is now Jinhae was considered an important port functioning as a major shipping port altogether handling the riverine traffic throughout the Taimir River basin: control over the city has been within the attention of several mainland Zhenian dynasties, as the control of the Taimir delta essentially meant rule over the Taimir River basin. The significance of the city as one of the most important cities in mainland Zhenia rose following the Treaty of Sanggyeong, when it was designated as one of the first ten ports that were to be open to the Shindanese Government, with the Royal Shindanese Navy establishing a garrison in the city by 1401 AC. It became a directly-controlled city of Shindan in 1405, becoming one of the central nodes in which Shindanese rule was exerted in the mainland. The city underwent extensive industrialization during the Empire of Zhenia and eventually the First Republic; major segments of the city underwent redevelopment during the Third Republic, taking shape into a trade and financial hub in the mainland as it is today.

Jinhae remains one of the most economically and politically important Zhenian cities in the mainland: its metropolitan area is home to one of the largest metropolitan regions in both Zhenia and the West Hanmaric, with the combined metropolitan region being home to almost 30 million resident. The Port of Jinhae, with recent expansions, remains the largest in the nation, handling over 35 million TEUs in 2019, while remaining a major  in modern commerce. It is also home to the annual Zhenia International Trade Exposition, the single largest in the nation. Significant redevelopment upon older neighborhoods throughout the city has raised further concerns regarding and the significant altering of the city's demographics, politics and culture, as well as the city's identity.

Modern history
Following the Treaty of Sanggyeong in 1386, Jinhae, alongside nine other ports in the western coast of the Gulf of Danguk, were designated as that would come under Shindanese rule. Jinhae received significantly higher attention than the remainder of the ports, due to its unique position of having both a deepwater port and a riverine port that offered access to the upstream Taimir River basin.

In 1401, King Jeongjo of Shindan relocated the Protectorate-General of Balhae from Suripo in modern-day Haedo-gu district, consolidating the city as a node of Shindanese rule in the mainland.

Geography


While the old settlement of Jinhae was located around 5 kilometres inland, around what is now Haebang Hill, most of modern-day Jinhae is built near the northern estuaries of the Taimir River, around the rich formed by the deposition from the Taimir River Delta, as well as land reclamation projects along the river and coast. As a result, most of the area administered by Jinhae is low in elevation, with an average elevation of lower than 10 meters (33 feet); its lowest point is located near the Port of Jinhae, while its highest point is Mount Muhak, at 318.9 meters, which forms the city's border with Changbaek Province. Since most of the area around Jinhae consists of, most high-rise buildings in the city have deep concrete fundamentals stretching down to bedrock to avoid sinking into the ground.

Most of the geography around Jinhae has been shaped by the existence of the Taimir River, which is also the longest river in the nation. Even setting aside the existence of the alluvial plain as a result of the river's delta, the city is well-known for its rich water resources and is home to several smaller streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, although some newer reservoirs, with the ultimate goal of supplying additional water to the growing metropolis, have been built between causeways and the mainland along the coast. Additional canals that act as bypasses between the mainstream Taimir River and the sea have been built within city limits, at an attempt to control water flow along the river.

Climate
Situated just north of the, Jinhae has a ( Cfa). Due to it being under the influence of local monsoon winds, its monsoon seasons on average start earlier and end later than the much of the Golden Arc region, with monsoons starting in late April and ending by early October. The city experiences four distinct seasons, although its low temperatures rarely fall below freezing even under the influence of dry, cold continental winds in the winter. Its long summers are hot and humid, with most of it overlapping with the monsoon season: some downpoors and freak thunderstorms, as a result of atmospheric instability, are also observed in the summer months. The city is particularly susceptible to from late May to August, although no considerable damage has been observed since the 2010 typhoon Chammae.

Early spring and autumn are regarded as the most pleasant seasons in the city, both directly before and after the monsoon seasons. Temperatures in the summer can be extreme, with an average of 10.1 days exceeding 35 °C (95 °F) annually. The lowest temperature recorded in Jinhae was −4.8 °C (23°F), measured on January 15, 1979, while the highest extreme in Jinhae was 38.9 °C (102.2°F), measured on August 1, 2018, during a series of record-breaking nationwide heat waves in 2018. The effects of and subsequent climate change is expected to bring more extreme climate trends in the region, particularly in the summer seasons with hotter summers with higher concentrations of rain over a few days.

The waters surrounding Jinhae are significantly influenced by in the summer seasons, which in part are aided by the sediment and microorganisms entering the Gulf via the Taimir River. The decomposing algae in the area, releasing significant amounts of gas, has resulted in odor resembling those of rotten eggs in some extreme cases. Changing currents amid climate change, however, have resulted in stronger currents entering the Balhae Inlet all the way to the waters near Jinhae, resulting in less accumulation of algal blooms in the area.

Government


Jinhae is primarily governed by the Jinhae Metropolitan Government, a provincial-level government exercising equal rights as nearby provinces. The government is headed by Metropolitan Administrator Jinsu Choi of the Liberal Party, who remains the first Metropolitan Administrator of Jinhae to have been democratically re-elected, while the city's elected body comprises of the Jinhae Metropolitan Assembly with a total of 87 assemblymen as of 2020. On the national government, Jinhae has been represented by 5 Sangseowon representatives and 16 National Assemblymen.

Public transport
The Jinhae Metro is home to the second-largest urban network in the nation, closely behind that of Daedo and the Greater Capital area. Combined with commuter rail, it serves almost 3 billion annual riders, linking the city with several nearby cities.

Roads and rails
Jinhae was developed as a major node of transportation networks in mainland Zhenia, being a key converging point in the nation's road and rail network as a whole.

Jinhae's intercity passenger rail demand is primarily handled by four hub stations across the city - Jinhae Central Station, Jinhae North Station, Taimir Delta Station and Jinhae West Station - all of which split passenger rail demands relatively evenly compared to other cities. Jinhae Central Station, the largest of the four hub stations, is also the third-busiest railway station by number of passengers. All four hub stations are served by ZNX trains as well as other services that connect Jinhae to several major cities in the nation.

Air and water transport




Jinhae is one of the nation's busiest aviation hubs. It is home to three airports - Jinhae City Airport, Songsan International Airport and Shin Jinhae International Airport. Shin Jinhae International Airport is the city's largest international hub, serving over 78 million passengers in 1609 AC, handling most of the nation's long-haul and short-haul international flights, while the remaining two airports primarily handle short-haul passenger and cargo flights and select short-haul flights respectively. In particular, the flight route between Shin Jinhae International Airport and Daedo's Daedo Capital International Airport is the single busiest route in the nation by number of passengers, hauling around 7.2 million passengers as of 1609 AC. Shin Jinhae International Airport in particular is the nation's second-largest passenger hub, behind Daedo Capital International Airport, while it is one of the two airports in the nation offering direct flights to all six of the world's continents.

The Port of Jinhae, maintained by the Shin Jinhae Ports Corporation, remains the nation's single largest container port as well as one of the world's largest, handling over 35 million TEUs in 2019, despite facing fierce competition from Zhuhae and Gwangseong in recent years. The port has undergone major expansions to the north amid concerns that it is difficult to handle larger container vessels given its location. In addition to being a container hub, Jinhae is the eastern terminus of the river ferries along the Taimir River, as well as a major cruise port as the gateway to the Gulf of Danguk: in 2010, the Port of Jinhae altogether handled 301 cruise ships and 2.03 million passengers via its seaport.